What is Sensory Processing?

What is Sensory Processing and How Does it Work?

Sensory processing refers to how the brain receives and interprets sensory information from the environment, such as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. However, some individuals may experience difficulties in processing sensory input, leading to a condition known as Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).

What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects the way the brain processes sensory information. Individuals with SPD may overreact or underreact to sensory stimuli, such as sounds, clothing textures, or food. This can result in sensory overload, especially in situations with excessive noise, bright lights, or crowds.

What are the Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder?

SPD can manifest in various ways, including strong reactions to bright lights or loud noises, complaints about uncomfortable clothing, clumsiness, and difficulty with fine motor skills. The disorder can impact both children and adults, causing difficulties in processing and regulating sensory input.

What Conditions Can Cause Sensory Processing Difficulties?

Sensory processing difficulties can be associated with several conditions, including Developmental Delay, Intellectual Disability, Anxiety, ADHD, Mood disorders, and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It's also common in neurodivergent individuals, such as those with autism.

How Does Screen Time Affect Sensory Processing?

Studies suggest that excessive screen time, especially in the first three years of life, can lead to symptoms of atypical sensory processing disorder. The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages screen time for babies under 18-24 months, as it's associated with sensory differences.

What are the Types of Sensory Processing Disorder?

There are several types of SPD, including Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD), Sensory-based Motor Disorder (SBMD), and Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD). The exact cause of SPD is unknown, but researchers are exploring potential genetic links and associations with autism.

How Does Sensory Processing Disorder Affect Teens and Adults?

Teens and adults with SPD may face secondary challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and social difficulties. Hormonal changes during puberty can also affect sensory processing, leading to increased or decreased sensitivity. These individuals may require additional support and coping strategies to manage their sensory issues.